Action mode of insulin.

Dual-mode of insulin action controls GLUT4 vesicle exocytosis

Insulin stimulates translocation of GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) to the surface of adipocytes, but precisely where insulin acts is controversial. Here we quantify the size, dynamics, and frequency of single vesicle exocytosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We use a new GSV reporter, VAMP2-pHluorin, and bypass insulin signaling by disrupting the GLUT4-retention protein TUG. Remarkably, in unstimulated T...

Mode of Action

Being impermeable to folic acid, many bacteria must rely on their ability to synthesise folate from PABA, Pteridine, and glutamate in contrast the mammalian in cells cannot synthesise folic acid and must obtain preformed folate as a vitamin in their diet. The sulphonamides are structurally similar to PABA, the sulphonamides competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase, the enzyme that catal...

evolution and mode of action of pulsed radiofrequency

Mode of action of tomaymycin.

The mode of action of tomaymycin (TM) which is a new antibiotic with antitumor activity was studied. Inhibition of the incorporation of labeled precursors into the acid-insoluble fraction of Bacillus subtilis cells indicated that TM inhibits nucleic acids biosynthesis, while having relatively little effect on protein synthesis. TMdisplaced methyl green (MG) from a MG-DNA complex and a TM-DNA co...

Modulators of Insulin Action

Although insulin has been in our therapeutic armamentarium for a long time, we are still unable to deliver it physiologically and achieve a precise metabolic control. Recently a large number of drugs have been introduced in the market or are likely to be available soon. These are Insulin analogues (Lispro, Aspart, HOE 901, Arginine insulin), insulin sensitizers (Thiazolidinediones) and insulin ...